Tuberculosis: A Hidden Epidemic and How We Can Combat It
Tuberculosis, commonly known as TB, is a contagious bacterial infection that primarily affects the lungs but can spread to other parts of the body, including the kidneys, spine, and brain. TB remains a major global health concern, especially in regions with limited healthcare resources, as it can be fatal if not treated properly. Check this out bellow-
Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a bacterium that spreads through the air. When someone with active TB in their lung’s coughs, sneezes, or speaks, tiny droplets containing the bacteria are released into the air. If another person inhales these droplets, they may become infected. However, TB doesn’t spread through physical contact like shaking hands, sharing food, or touching surfaces touched by an infected person.
There are two main types of TB:
Latent TB: In this form, the bacteria are present in the body but remain inactive and do not cause symptoms. People with latent TB aren’t contagious, but they can develop active TB later, especially if their immune system weakens.
Active TB: This is the symptomatic form where the bacteria actively multiply, causing various symptoms and making the person contagious.
Causes and Risk Factors for TB
Tuberculosis is primarily caused by exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria, but certain risk factors can increase the likelihood of infection or reactivation:
- People with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS, diabetes, or those undergoing chemotherapy, are at a higher risk of developing active TB.
- Living or working closely with someone who has active TB increases exposure risk.
- Malnutrition, overcrowded living conditions, and poor ventilation, especially in high-burden areas, can lead to the rapid spread of TB.
- Smoking and excessive alcohol use can compromise the immune system, increasing the risk of TB.
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Symptoms of Tuberculosis
- Persistent cough lasting three weeks or longer
- Chest pain
- Coughing up blood or sputum
- Unexplained weight loss
- Fatigue
- Fever and night sweats
- Loss of appetite
Because these symptoms overlap with other respiratory infections, it’s essential to seek medical attention for accurate diagnosis if these symptoms persist.
How to Prevent Tuberculosis
Preventing TB involves both individual measures and community-level interventions to reduce the risk of transmission:
Vaccination: The Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine offers some protection against TB, especially in children. Although it doesn’t fully prevent infection, it reduces the severity of TB if contracted.
Good Ventilation: TB bacteria spread easily in closed spaces with poor airflow. Ensuring good ventilation in homes, workplaces, and public places can help reduce transmission.
Avoiding Close Contact with Infected Individuals: If someone has active TB, avoiding prolonged exposure or ensuring they receive proper treatment can limit the spread of the disease.
Regular Screening: For those at high risk or who have been in contact with an infected individual, regular TB screening can help detect and treat the infection early before it becomes active.
Health Education: Public awareness campaigns are essential to educate communities about TB symptoms, transmission, and prevention.
Complete treatment: If you are diagnosed with TB, complete the full course of prescribed treatment.
Improve care for children: Examine children who have been exposed to TB, and treat them immediately if they have symptoms.
Tuberculosis is preventable and treatable with early intervention and adherence to treatment. Educating communities about TB symptoms and prevention, improving living conditions, and promoting vaccination are crucial steps in reducing the spread of TB. By taking these measures, individuals and communities can work together to combat TB and help create a healthier future.
Source: https://www.hindustantimes.com/ht-insight/public-health/fighting-the-hidden-epidemic-of-childhood-tb-101707808105356.html
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/tuberculosis